Automobile Engineering - Industry 4.0 - Smart Cars and Trucks - Bibliography

https://www.copadata.com/en/process-control-system/smart-automotive-production/


2018

https://www.automotiveworld.com/research/special-report-vehicle-manufacturing-industry-4-0/


2017
http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-technology/automotive-market-to-benefit-from-industry-4-0/153270/


https://blog.flexis.com/the-impact-of-industry-4.0-on-the-automotive-industry

2015

https://www.automotiveworld.com/articles/industry-4-0-digital-transformation-automotive-industry/

Toyota Motor's remodeled Prius hybrid 2015

Toyota Motor's remodeled Prius hybrid. The car is available for sale in Japan in Decemer 2015. It will be available in other markets in January 2016.


The car is 25% more fuel-efficient than its predecessor.  It is due to  a revamped gasoline engine and a design that reduces air resistance. The company claims mileage of 40.8km per liter of gas

The new Prius prices in Japan range  from 2.42 million to 3.39 million yen ($19,500 to $27,300). In Japan, the sales estimate is  monthly sales of 12,000 units.


http://asia.nikkei.com/Japan-Update/Revamped-Prius-goes-on-sale

Model X SUV - Tesla

http://www.teslamotors.com/modelx




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6 vehicles delivered.
Order bookings are now taking place for late 2016 delivery.

Electric Vehicles Become Lowest Total Cost of Ownership Vehicles in USA

http://grist.org/business-technology/whats-the-cheapest-new-car-to-drive-hint-its-an-ev/

Automobile - Car - Product Development - Design

2015

The design related aspects self-driving vehicles are an important issue in this year.

Gerry McGovern is , the design director and chief creative officer for Jaguar Land Rover. He was debuting the 2016 Range Rover SV Autobiography, the company's latest limited-edition luxury vehicle in New York Auto Show  2015.

THE BACKSEAT WILL GET MORE LOVE
The office of the future may be the backseat of a self-driving car. The car designers are planning on making the back seat  more comfortable. The roomy backseats feature calf rests, coolers to chill drinks in, and tables that pop out of the arm rests for eating or working in comfort.

LOOKING GOOD WILL (STILL) BE A TOP PRIORITY
"That’s a 22-inch wheel," is now accepted and welcomed.  "Twelve years ago the theory was that people wouldn't want a bigger wheel, because the tire wrapped around it would by comparison look smaller and thus not as safe. That hasn't proved to be true. It made the vehicle better looking,On the first model that Range Rover offered with an option of a 20-inch wheel compared to an 18-inch one, 80% of customers opted for the larger size. The power of aesthetics has to be understood. We tend to like to talk about technology features because we think it’s more worthy, but actually design in itself, the aesthetics, should be celebrated.
http://www.fastcodesign.com/3044443/innovation-engine/jaguar-land-rover-design-chief-on-creating-tomorrows-most-desirable-cars

Honda S660 Roadster

Honda Motor Company will begin selling new S660 Roadster 2 two seater sports vehicle from 2 April 2015 in Japan. It will also sell a concept edition of S660 - only 660 numbers will be sold. The monthly sales target for the vehicle is 800. It costs 2,180,000 yen.

Its lead engineer is Mukumoto. He was 22 and into his third year making mockups at Honda's product development arm when he won an in-house competition for a car concept.


http://www.autoblog.com/2015/03/30/honda-s660-japan-official/

http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/E377EDDD8F7F8489CA257E1900237970

http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/honda-s660-roadster-will-be-built-will-it-come-here

Alpine Electronics of America, Inc. - Car Audio Equipment and Mobile Multimedia

Alpine Electronics is an automotive electronics manufacturer that provides consumers and leading auto makers with audio, video, navigation and driver assistance products. The company specializes in system integration solutions with innovative vehicle entertainment and information technologies.

Alpine’s R&D and manufacturing facilities in Japan, China, Europe and North America ensure that all products address the real world requirements of drivers in each market. The company is committed to developing safe, comfortable and eco-friendly automotive electronics products.

  Alpine's Mobile Multimedia systems exceed concept expectations for a new kind of driving experience for the next century.


http://www.alpine-usa.com/product



http://www.alpine-usa.com/company/press




6 January

The iLX-007, Alpine of America, Inc.’s aftermarket in-dash receiver dedicated for optimum compatibility with Apple CarPlay, is now available in North American markets. The advanced features of the iLX-007 gives drivers a new, smart and exciting way to access the things they want to do with their iPhone while driving.
http://www.alpine-usa.com/company/press/general/2015/alpine-electronics-introduces-in-dash-receiver-with-apple-carplay/

2015 North American International Auto Show

The Cars of the Detroit Auto Show NAIAS 2015

Cars Exhibited
Fiat Chrysler 2015 Ram Rebel.
Lincoln said it redesigned the interior in the new MKX
The 2015 Chevrolet Corette Z06 - The Company said the car delivered greater aerodynamic downforce, cornering grip and braking performance.
Lexus - GCF GT3
The GAC WitStar Concept - features an aquarium containing plastic fish in the arm rest.
The Honda FCV Concept - Next generation Fuel Cell Car
The Infiniti Q60 Concept car - It hints at the direction of its next sport coupe.
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The Verge Upload


BMW at NAIAS
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BMW Upload



Social Media Tool Kit of the Show
http://www.naias.com/media/55674/NAIAS-Social-Media-Toolkit.pdf

Twitter Accounts of Sponsors and OEMs

Acura ...............................................................................@Acura
AISIN ...............................................................................N/A
Ally Auto...........................................................................@AllyAuto
Audi .................................................................................@Audi
AutoTrader.com ...............................................................@AutoTrader_com
BASF ...............................................................................@BASF
BASF ...............................................................................@BASF
Bentley.............................................................................@BentleyComms
BMW................................................................................@BMWusa
Cadillac............................................................................@Cadillac
Celanese Engineered Materials ......................................@Celanese
Chevrolet .........................................................................@Chevrolet
Chrylser Group ................................................................@Chrysler
Clark Hill ..........................................................................@ClarkHillUpdate
Cobo Center....................................................................@cobocenter
Comcast Spotlight ...........................................................@ComcastSpotlight
Continental Corporation...................................................@ContiPressNA
DENSO............................................................................N/A
Detroit Labs .....................................................................@DetroitLabs
Detroit Regional Chamber...............................................@DetroitChamber
Federal-Mogul Corporation..............................................@FedMogulCorp
Ford .................................................................................@Ford
Honda..............................................................................@Honda
Hyundai ...........................................................................@Hyundai
Infiniti ...............................................................................@InfinitiNews
Johnson Controls.............................................................@JohnsonControls
@JCI_BatteryBeat
@JCSeating
Kia ...................................................................................@Kia
Lexus...............................................................................@Lexus
Lincoln Motor Company...................................................@LincolnMotorCo
Mercedes-Benz ............................................................... @mbusa
Michelin ...........................................................................@MichelinUSA
Michelin Media Center.....................................................@MichelinMedia
Michigan Fitness Foundation...........................................@MichiganFitness
Microsoft..........................................................................@MSAdvertising
MINI.................................................................................@MINI
MLive ..............................................................................@MLive
@MLiveDetroit
@detroitautoshow
MLive Autos.....................................................................@MIAutos
Modern Car Safety Technology, Inc.................................N/A
MSN Autos.......................................................................@MSNAutos
Nexteer Automotive .........................................................N/A
NextEnergy......................................................................@NextEnergyMI
Nissan..............................................................................@NissanUSA
Opportunity Detroit ..........................................................@OpportunityDET
Pandora...........................................................................@Pandora_Radio
Quicken Loans.................................................................@QuickenLoans
Samsung SDI ..................................................................@SDIin
Schaeffer Group ..............................................................N/A
Schaeffler ........................................................................N/A
Shinola.............................................................................@Shinola
The One Show.................................................................@OneShow
Toyota..............................................................................@Toyota
Unique Fabricating, Inc....................................................N/A
U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research Development
and Engineering Center ..................................................(@TARDEC)
@TARDEC_PEO
Valeo................................................................................@Valeo_Group
Verizon.............................................................................N/A
Volkswagen .....................................................................@VW
@VWnews
ZF ....................................................................................@ZF_Group

Hydrogen Cars

19 November

Audi unveiled the A7 h-tron quattro with hydrogen fuel cell that will go over 300 miles between refuellings. At the moment it is only a demonstration car. But Audi says it can deliver production version whenever infrastructure is ready for hydrogen supply.
http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/19/7247281/audi-says-it-has-mastered-hydrogen-fuel-cells-and-is-ready-to-launch

18 November 2014

Now hydrogen cars available for commercial use.

Hyundai has been leasing the hydrogen-powered Tucson sport utility, which it describes as the world’s first mass-produced fuel cell car, since June, for a $2,999 down payment, and $499 a month. (That includes the hydrogen.)

Toyota is introducing a sedan called Mirai, which means “future” in Japanese.

The Mirai will go on sale in California this year for $57,500 — cheaper than the Tesla Model S.


http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/science/earth/hydrogen-cars-join-electric-models-in-showrooms.html

News about Mirai
http://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/future-arrived-called-mirai-akio-toyoda-announces-name-fuel-cell-sedan-web-video/


Japan Launch Event for Mirai Fuel Cell Sedan
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Toyota Global News Room


Akiyo Toyoda on Mirai
2.4 minutes
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Toyota Global Newsroom

How fuel cells work?
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/fuel-cell.htm

Zeroshift - New Transmission Technology - of 21st Century

Kiwi inventor Bill Martin has developed a gearbox .
The last big breakthrough in automatic gearboxes was in 1928 with synchromesh.
http://www.zeroshift.com/press/TVNZ%20Kiwi%20inventor%20revolutionises%20automatic%20transmission%20_%20BUSINESS.pdf



The Zeroshift transmission can shift gears in zero seconds and do it seamlessly by using electronically controlled actuators and an automated single dry clutch. These actuators also can be powered by either air or hydraulic pressure, which greatly expands the type of vehicle applications.

The secret behind the Zeroshift concept is the elimination synchro rings, which are replaced bydog clutches. These dog clutches automatically upshift and downshift the transmission
http://eng.kaps.cz/zeroshift-gearbox-news-1153


http://www.zeroshift.com/transmission-technology.html

http://www.zeroshift.com/pdf/Zeroshift%20AT.pdf

Automatic Transmission in Automobiles (Cars)

How Automatic Transmissions Work

History


Many of the mechanisms and technologies that are used in the modern automatic transmission system  were already in use in manual transmissions. Transmission bands and planetary gears were used in the manual transmission for the Ford Model T and Model K (1906). Fluid coupling was used by General Motors in 1937.

These technologies were first developed in the early 1900s in Germany for use in marine applications.

Semi-automatic transmissions appeared in a major automotive brand in 1937. With planetary gears and a conventional friction clutch, these transmissions allowed easier shifting and required less driving skill. Cadillac and Oldsmobile issued models with  automatic transmission through 1939. Buick used it  in 1938. The AST never inspired the driving public and was not supported by large sales numbers.

The 1948 Oldsmobile was the first model to use a true automatic transmission. The Hyrdo-Matic was developed by GM engineer, Earl Thompson,  The Hydro-Matic went through continual upgrading and refinements through 1955. But, the basic design and theory used were consistent throughout its remarkably long life span.  Other auto manufacturers purchased and used the Hydro-Matic. These included:

Hudson Nash Rambler
Frazer Nash Kaiser
Willys Lincoln
Rolls-Royce Bentley


General Motors replaced the Hydro-Matic in 1956 with the Jetaway. The "Jet" was not a roaring success and quickly gave way to the Turbo Hydromatic.

Chrysler's Fluid Drive was introduced in 1939, but this was really a manual transmission that used a fluid coupling to make shifting easier. Chrysler first produced a semi-automatic transmission in 1942 and was late in developing their own true automatic transmission, introducing the two-speed PowerFlite in 1954.

BorgWarner engineered the first automatic transmission used by Ford, introduced in 1950.

Mercedes introduced their first automatic in 1962. Rolls Royce's 1955 intro was with GM's Hydro-Matic. Daimler first used a BorgWarner 4-speed in 1962.

Through the 1980s changes and advances occurred quickly. Special features seemed to be the primary focus of transmission designers.

Options included:

     Manual-or-automatic shifting - allowed      drivers to take control of the shifting when      they wished

     Push-button shifting - a Chrysler Torqueflite      innovation that used a two-cable mechanism

     Edsel's Teletouch shifting - buttons in the      middle of the steering wheel that operated      an electric shift motor

     Economy-performance settings - the      driver could reset with the push of a button

     Over-drive in 3, 4, and 4-plus-overdrive      configurations

     Hill-hold - prevented the vehicle from      rolling backwards at idle on an upgrade

     Ignition lock coupling - anti-theft feature


In the late 1980s, use of computers in cars started. and resulted in the introduction of electronic controls for automatic transmissions. Solenoids and sensors integrate with multiple onboard computers to control shifting and gear ratio in any imaginable scenario.

Honda's Hondamatic transmission is unique in that it is an automatic that does not use planetary gears. Gears slide on parallel shafts. The Hondamatic is similar neither to other automatic transmissions nor to manual transmissions.

Five-speed, six-speed, seven, and even eight-speed transmissions are currently being used in automobiles. Such technologies are being tested and deployed in an effort to improve economy and efficiency.

CVTs provide continuous torque at engine peek-performance speeds

Transmission research and development is currently leaning toward Automated Manual Transmission technologies. Suzuki has come out with successful technology and is using it in a Indian model Celerio.


http://www.diablotransmissions.com/history_automatic_transmission.html
http://4thefirsttime.blogspot.in/2007/06/1939-first-american-cars-with-automatic.html

Celerio Maruti Suzuki 2014 Model

A new small car, with some variants priced below Rs 4 lakh, is on its way from February 2014 from  Maruti Suzuki India's stable. . Called Celerio, this car  will be a one litre petrol car in two transmissions - manual and automatic. This car will probably deliver mileage of over 20 kmpl. The transmission in automatic mode is called automatic manual transmission ( More details  )

Suzuki Motor Corp, took about three years to develop the technology which has raised the fuel efficiency of the automatic variant to almost equal that of the manual transmission vehicle.  Normally fuel efficiency of automatic transmission is less than that of manual transmission.

Typically, the automatic variant of any car is pricier from the manual transmission variant by about Rs 1 lakh but in the case of Celerio, the price difference between the two variants would be "much less".


The Celerio will be pitched against the likes of Hyundai's Grandi10 and Honda's Brio, whose automatic versions are priced at Rs 6.04 lakh and Rs 6.19 lakh, respectively (ex-showroom, Delhi).

The Celerio will offer a fuel efficiency of 23.1 km per litre and will be offered in six petrol variants - four with Manual transmission and two with Auto Gear Shift.

http://www.firstpost.com/business/coming-up-a-fuel-efficient-automatic-celerio-from-maruti-next-month-1336599.html
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/news/46636475_1_automatic-transmission-maruti-suzuki-india-compact-cars

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars

Toyota is ready to sell fuel cell cars in 2015

A four-seat sedan, the car is only called Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) for now. The FCV’s range is similar to electric cars, but with the advantage that fill-ups will only take a few minutes. Initially, the FCV will be sold in California where the state has made a commitment to having over one hundred hydrogen filling stations within a decade.
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/174503-toyota-is-ready-to-sell-fuel-cell-cars-in-2015-after-a-decade-of-prototypes


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How Hydrogen Cars Work?
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/hybrid-technology/hydrogen-cars.htm

Strategic Technologies - Automobile Industry- 2013-14

Automobile Industry Survey - KPMG - 2013


Battery Electric Mobility
Downsizing and Optimizing Internal Combustion Engine
Innovative urban vehicle design concepts
Connected Car Technologies (Car to X communication)


Electric Vehicle Technologies

Plug-in hybrids
Non plug-in-hybrids
Battery electric vehicles with range extender
Fuel cell electric vehicles
Battery electric vehicles
http://www.kpmg.com/CZ/cs/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Press-releases/Documents/KPMG-GAES-2013.pdf


Strategic Technology Management In Indian Auto Component Industry
2013
http://autotechreview.com/latest-issue/item/684-strategic-technology-management-in-indian-auto-component-industry.html

Toyota Motors - Research and Development and Product Initiatives - 2013

Toyota and Lexus,  have 12 hybrid models here in the U.S., that’s helped us sell more than two million hybrid vehicles in this country, 70% of the hybrid market, and over five million hybrids worldwide.

As a result of our hybrids alone... approximately 34 million tons of CO2 emissions have been kept out of the air…and consumers have saved a lot of money at gas pumps.



Currently, the entire industry features 51 hybrids, 14 clean diesels and 11 electric vehicles.

automakers are collaborating daily with engineers, regulators and research institutions to offer more models with higher miles-per-gallon ratings, more hybrid and electric models, and developing plans to quickly increase their lineups of fuel efficient and sustainable vehicles.


In USA, 8 million workers and their families depend on the auto industry.  Each year, the industry generates 500-Billion Dollars in paychecks, and 70- Billion in tax revenues. (Source: autoalliance.org "Auto Jobs & Economics" section).

In 2011, automakers increased their R&D expenditures 15 percent, to 97-Billion Dollars. (Source: autoalliance.org "Auto Innovation" section).


 Toyota spends on average One-Million Dollars per hour on R & D



 the auto industry isworking for the continued development of “high-level assist technologies.”

These technologies actively manage the vehicle and help create a safer travel experience for drivers, passengers and pedestrians…and many have been around for a while.

Some of the first driver assist technologies include cruise control, anti-lock brakes and stability and traction control.

More recent features include:

Sensors to detect pedestrians
Radar to measure the distance between you and the vehicle in front of you
“Lane Keep Assist,” to help prevent drivers from straying from their lane

Even vehicles that can park themselves... with some help from its human occupant.


Source:
http://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2013+society+automobile+engineers+lentz.htm

Suzuki Swift/Dzire

sold 511,235 cars in 2012




The car first started selling in Japan in 2000. Prior to being called Swift, it was sold as Suzuki Cultus in many export markets.

Swift Dzire, launched in India in 2008, came in as a replacement of Maruti Esteem.

Worlds Best Selling cars 2012

Rediff Busienss slide show



Toyota Corolla  1,054,000
Ford Focus
Toyota Prius/Aqua
Hyundai Elantra
Toyota Camry
Ford F-Series
Chevrolet/Holden Cruze
Volkswagen Jetta
Ford Fiesta
Volkswagen Golf

Volkswagen Polo
Toyota Yaris/Vitz/Vios
Volkswagen Passat
Nissan Tiida/Versa
Hyundai Accent
Honda Civic

Toyota Hilux
18 Honda CR-V

19. Opel Astra/Buick Excelle
20. Suzuki Swift/Dzire 511,235
21
Opel chevrolet corsa classic

Hyundai Sona y a
22

23 Chevrolet silverado

24 Honda Fit

25 Hyu mm dai Ix35


26 Honda Accord


27 Kia Rio


28 Chevrolet Avio

29 Toyota Rav14

30 Renault Clio  439565

Automobile Engineering and Technology Developments - Information Board 2013

September 2013

Toyota Extends Hybrid Reach with Brash Lexus LF-NX Concept
http://www.dailytech.com/Toyota+Extends+Hybrid+Reach+with+Brash+Lexus+LFNX+Concept/article33309.htm


GM Demos New Self-Steering System, Hopes to Release Semi-Autonomous Vehicle by 2020
http://www.dailytech.com/GM+Demos+New+SelfSteering+System+Hopes+to+Release+SemiAutonomous+Vehicle+by+2020/article33288.htm


2012
Toyota Readies Fourth Generation Prius, Will Reportedly Achieve 60 MPG
http://www.dailytech.com/Toyota+Readies+Fourth+Generation+Prius+Will+Reportedly+Achieve+60+MPG/article29148.htm

Automobile Related Patents 1951 - 2015

Analysis of Electric Car via Patents
50,852 patents were found in a research paper
http://www.insisoc.org/CIO2013/papers/EN-01%20S&E/Analysis%20of%20the%20Electric%20Car%20Via%20Patents.pdf

Industrial Engineering Conference 2013

2013

Automobile stabilizer bar manufacturing method - US 20130093153 A1  https://www.google.com/patents/US20130093153


2012

https://www.google.com/patents/US8317964  Gregory Thomas Hedderley  - Method of Manufacturing a Vehicle


2009

https://www.google.com/patents/US20110022545   Edward Gordon Dunny - Reinventing Car Making

Automobile Related Patents 1901 - 1950

1904
https://www.google.com/patents/US750684   - Ransom E. Olds  Valve Gear for Explosive Engines



1899
https://www.google.com/patents/US635506  - Ransom E. Olds - Electric Igniter for Gas Engines

1896
https://www.google.com/patents/US570263  Ransom E. Olds - Comined Gas and Steam Engine